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【目的】了解注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童个性特点,以及根据DSM-Ⅳ划分的ADHD各亚型的个性特点。【方法】采用儿童艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对76名符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的ADHD及其亚型诊断的患儿和76名健康儿童进行测试。【结果】ADHD组在精神质(P)、神经质(N)维度得分明显高于对照组,而在内外向(E)、掩饰性(L)维度得分低于对照组,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。在个性倾向上,ADHD组的内向/倾向内向、不稳定/倾向不稳定以及精神质/倾向精神质所占比例明显较对照组多(P<0.01)。不同亚型ADHD在精神质(P)、内外向(E)、神经质(N)维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),在掩饰性(L)维度分各亚型间比较差异无统计学意义。在个性倾向上,PI型不稳定/倾向不稳定,内向/倾向内向所占比例较高(79.3%,51.6%),高于CT型和HI型。CT型患儿精神质型所占比例较PI型及HI型高。【结论】ADHD儿童个性有其独特性,个性倾向内向、情绪不稳定,各亚型个性倾向不同,在对ADHD儿童进行治疗和干预时应注意其个性特点。
【Objective】 To investigate the personality characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the personality characteristics of ADHD subtypes according to DSM-Ⅳ. 【Methods】 Sixty-seven children with ADHD diagnosed with DSM-Ⅳ criteria and 76 children with subtypes diagnosed by the method of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were tested. 【Results】 The scores of psychoticism (P) and neuroticism (N) in ADHD group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the scores of E (outward) and occult (L) dimensions were lower than those in control group Statistical significance (P <0.01). In personality tendencies, the ADHD group had significantly more introverted / propensity introversion, unstable / propensity-to-instability and psychotic / propensity psychoticism than the control group (P <0.01). ADHD in different subtypes had statistically significant differences in psychoticism (P), extroversion (E) and neurotic (N) dimensions (P <0.01, P <0.05) The difference was not statistically significant. In personality tendency, PI instability / instability, introversion / propensity inward ratio accounted for a higher proportion (79.3%, 51.6%), higher than CT type and HI type. The percentage of mental type in children with CT was higher than those in PI and HI. 【Conclusion】 Individuals with ADHD have their uniqueness. Individuality tends to be introverted and emotionally unstable. Individuals with different subtypes tend to have different personality trends. Children with ADHD should pay attention to their personality characteristics when they are treated and intervened.