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目的分析与识别污水处理项目可能存在的主要职业病危害因素,评价其防护措施设计,为进一步做好污水处理项目职业卫生防护及管理工作提供参考。方法对2014年上海市4个污水处理建设项目职业病危害预评价报告进行分析,找出项目设计中存在的问题,并提出建议。结果污水处理项目运行期间涉及的职业病危害因素有氨、硫化氢、甲胺、甲硫醇、噪声、高温、聚丙烯酰胺粉尘、聚合氯化铝粉尘、紫外线、工频电场等。加药间职业病防护措施不完善。各类比项目职业病危害因素检测结果均符合国家标准,职业健康检查均不符合要求。4个污水处理项目的总体布局、设备布局、个人防护用品、辅助用室符合率为100%;应急救援、职业病防治专项经费符合率为75%;建筑设计卫生、职业病危害防护设施符合率为25%,职业卫生管理制度符合率为零。结论上海市4个污水处理项目职业卫生防护及管理工作仍然存在一些问题,尤其是职业卫生管理制度有待进一步加强完善。应重视低浓度职业病危害因素对员工健康的影响,做好职业健康检查工作。
Objective To analyze and identify the main occupational hazards that may exist in sewage treatment projects and to evaluate the design of protective measures so as to provide reference for further improving the occupational health protection and management of sewage treatment projects. Methods The pre-evaluation reports on occupational hazards of four sewage treatment construction projects in Shanghai in 2014 were analyzed to find out the problems existing in the project design and put forward suggestions. Results The ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methylamine, methyl mercaptan, noise, high temperature, polyacrylamide dust, polyaluminum chloride dust, ultraviolet ray and power frequency electric field were all involved in the occupational hazards involved in the operation of the sewage treatment project. Dosage room occupational disease protection measures imperfect. All kinds of items occupational hazards test results are in line with national standards, occupational health checks are not in line with the requirements. The overall layout of four sewage treatment projects, equipment layout, personal protective equipment, auxiliary rooms with a compliance rate of 100%; emergency rescue, occupational disease prevention and treatment of special funds with a rate of 75%; architectural health and occupational hazards protection facilities with a rate of 25 %, Occupational health management system with a rate of zero. Conclusion There are still some problems in the occupational health protection and management of the four sewage treatment projects in Shanghai. In particular, the occupational health management system needs to be further strengthened and perfected. Should pay attention to the impact of low concentration of occupational hazards on the health of employees, do a good job of occupational health checks.