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本文指出,中国的市场经济转型不仅受到了亚洲新近工业化国家和地区的影响,而且从中也能看到先前匈牙利经济改革的影子。文章分析了匈牙利在20世纪60年代后期开始的改革与中国在20世纪70年代末的改革的相似之处,并试图解释匈牙利走向失败而中国获得成功的原因。20世纪90年代以来,匈牙利的急速转型与中国的渐进式改革在过程与结果方面都形成了鲜明对比,作者通过比较分析指出,华盛顿共识提出的新自由主义发展道路是导致包括匈牙利在内的东欧国家和拉美国家陷入经济困境的原因,而中国及其他东亚国家和地区选择了发展型国家模式,这使它们的经济迎头赶上了最发达的经济强国。
This paper points out that China’s market economy transformation is not only affected by the newly industrialized countries and regions in Asia, but also from the shadow of the previous Hungarian economic reforms. The article analyzes the similarities between Hungary’s reforms started in the late 1960s and China’s reforms in the late 1970s and attempts to explain the reasons for Hungary’s failure and China’s success. Since the 1990s, the rapid transformation of Hungary and the gradual reform of China have made sharp contrasts in both the process and the results. The author points out through comparative analysis that the neoliberal development path proposed by the Washington consensus is to lead Eastern Europe, including Hungary, The reason why countries and Latin American countries have fallen into economic dilemmas, while China and other East Asian countries and countries have chosen to develop a national model, has made their economy catch up with the most advanced economic powers.