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苹果炭疽叶枯病(Glomerella cingulata)是我国苹果上新发现的一种病害,为了了解病原菌的产孢条件和产孢动态,为病害的预测预报与防控提供依据。本研究在人工控制条件下,测试了温度、湿度和光照对苹果炭疽叶枯病菌产生分生孢子和子囊孢子的影响。结果表明,苹果炭疽叶枯病新形成的病叶润湿后,在15℃~30℃下保湿培养2~6 d后可产生大量橘黄色的分生孢子堆,其中30℃下产孢量最大,产孢速度最快,仅需2 d时间。炭疽叶枯病菌在新形成的病叶上于15℃~30℃下培养20~30 d可形成子囊孢子,最适温度为25℃,子囊孢子的形成需要高湿环境或叶片润湿。炭疽叶枯病菌的单孢分离菌株于15℃~25℃下,在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上培养20~30 d也可形成子囊孢子,最适产孢温度25℃。紫外光、黑光和日光都能促进子囊孢子的形成。
Apples anthracnose leaf blight (Glomerella cingulata) is a newly discovered disease on apple in China. In order to understand sporulation and sporulation of pathogens, it provides a basis for the prediction and prevention of disease. In this study, under artificial control conditions, the effects of temperature, humidity and light on conidia and ascospores of apple leaf blight were tested. The results showed that the newly formed diseased leaves of apple anthracnose leaf blight could produce a large number of orange conidia after moisturizing at 15 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ for 2 ~ 6 d, of which the sporulation rate was the highest at 30 ℃ , Sporulation fastest, only 2 d time. Aspergillus aeruginosa bacteria could form ascospores on the newly formed diseased leaves at 15-30 ℃ for 20-30 days. The optimum temperature was 25 ℃. The formation of ascospores required high humidity environment or leaf wetting. The single spore isolates of Bacillus anthracis could be cultured in potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) at 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ for 20 ~ 30 d. The optimum sporulation temperature was 25 ℃. UV light, black light and sunlight can promote the formation of ascospores.