自强观念,古已有之。近代意义上的自强观念不仅与民族兴亡息息相关,而且成了举国上下一致的呼声和愿望。本文以上海《汇报》为考察对象,认为以“兴学”与“合群”为口号来倡导自强,是清末自强观念变迁过程中的两个重要内容,而近代中国一直未能走向独立自强,乃因为国人对于“自强”一词在理解方面存有较大偏差。 Self-concept, the ancient has been. The concept of self-improvement in the modern sense is not only closely linked to the rise and fall of the nation, but also the voice and aspiration of the entire nation. Taking Shanghai’s “Report” as its object of study, this article holds that taking “learning by doing” and “grouping together” as its slogan to promote self-reliance is an important part of the process of self-improvement in the late Qing Dynasty. However, in modern China, it has not been able to move toward independence and self-reliance because People have a big bias in understanding their self-improvement.