本文认为现阶段社会主义经济体制中存在着”效率”和“公平”的矛盾,这一矛盾产生于社会主义经济中存在着市场因素,而计划体制造成的竞争不充分,资源配置优化难以实现,从而导致了企业的“效率”和劳动者的个人收入不能准确反映劳动贡献,还有由于企业所有制性质不同,获得生产要素的能力不一样,这也是矛盾的根源。文章认为解决二者之间的矛盾只能按照在一个有效率的经济体制中增进平等的原则,以实现二者的统一。 This paper argues that there is a contradiction between “efficiency” and “fairness” in the socialist economic system at this stage. This contradiction arises from the presence of market factors in the socialist economy. However, the competition caused by the planned system is not sufficient and the allocation of resources is difficult to achieve. As a result, the “efficiency” of the enterprise and the personal income of laborers can not accurately reflect the contribution of labor. There is also a difference in ability to obtain factors of production due to the different nature of enterprise ownership, which is also the source of the contradiction. The article holds that the solution of the contradiction between the two can only be achieved by promoting the principle of equality in an efficient economic system so as to achieve the unity of the two.