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普遍主义与特殊主义是学术共同体运行中的两条价值原则。我国特有的社会文化境脉对学术共同体产生了较大的影响,形成了学术共同体中的“差序格局”特征,为特殊主义在学术共同体中的运行提供了空间和条件。从政府与学术活动的关系、制度的效力以及学术共同体的公信力等三个维度对学术共同体中的特殊主义予以理论解释和反思,有助于加深对问题的认识和理解。
Universalism and specialism are two principles of value in the operation of the academic community. The peculiar social and cultural context of our country had a great influence on the academic community and formed the characteristic of “difference pattern” in the academic community, which provided the space and conditions for the specialism to operate in the academic community. From the three aspects of the relationship between government and academic activities, the effectiveness of the system and the credibility of the academic community, the theory of specialism in the academic community can be interpreted and reflected theoretically, which helps to deepen the understanding and understanding of the issue.