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目的了解几种不同作用机制的化学杀虫剂在灭蚊幼中的效果及持效期,为今后防治蚊幼工作提供可靠的依据。方法选择污水沟和苇塘后测量水体体积,分别施药(毒死蜱、10%高效氯氰菊酯有效成份:1 g/m3;50%马拉硫磷有效成份:1、2 g/m3;苏云金杆菌:40ml/m3,天蟾:10ml/m3),并在施药前后用勺捕法进行密度测定,施药后70d内评价效果。结果苏云金杆菌以40ml/m3施于污水沟内,1～7 d密度下降率为39.97%～100%;于苇塘施药后1～38 d达79.66%～100%;天蟾杀蚊幼虫悬浮剂在施药后1～d、6～14 d、24 d密度下降率分别为99.53%,100%,93.01%。毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯施药量为1 g/m3,对蚊幼毒性高低及持效期的长短依次为:毒死蜱>高效氯氰菊酯>马拉硫磷,毒死蜱在施药后68 d密度下降率仍达95.34%。结论毒死蜱、天蟾杀蚊幼虫悬浮剂杀蚊幼效果及持效期较长,值得推广应用,在实际现场灭蚊幼中可根据环境、特点、水体污染状况等选择适宜的杀虫药剂和使用剂量。
Objective To understand the effects and persistence periods of several chemical pesticides with different mechanism of action in mosquito breeding and provide a reliable basis for future prevention and control of mosquito breeding. Methods Sewage ditch and reed pond were selected to measure the volume of water body, respectively. (Chlorpyrifos, 10% beta-cypermethrin active ingredient: 1 g / m3; 50% malathion effective ingredient: 1,2 g / m3, toad: 10ml / m3). The density was measured by scoop method before and after spraying, and the effect was evaluated within 70 days after spraying. Results Bacillus thuringiensis was applied in sewage ditch at the rate of 40ml / m3. The density decrease rate was 39.97% -100% at 1 ~ 7 days, 79.66% ~ 100% at 1 ~ 38 days after reed pond application, After 1 d, 6 d 14 d, 24 d, the density descended 99.53%, 100%, 93.01% respectively. Chlorpyrifos, malathion and cypermethrin were 1 g / m3. The toxicity to nematodes and the duration of persistence were: chlorpyrifos> alpha-cypermethrin> malathion, chlorpyrifos 68 d after application The rate of decline is still 95.34%. Conclusion The killing effect and persistence period of chlorpyrifos and the mosquito larvae of larval mosquito larvae are longer and should be popularized and applied. In the field of mosquito killing, the suitable insecticide can be selected according to the environment, characteristics and water pollution status dose.