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新生儿溶血病是指由于母婴血型不合而引起的胎儿或新生儿同族免疫性溶血[1]。在已发现的人类26个血型系统中,以ABO血型不合最常见,其次为Rh血型不合,MN(少见血型)血型不合较罕见。1病因和发病机制新生儿溶血病为母婴血型不合引起的抗原抗体反应,由于母亲体内不存在胎儿的某些由父亲遗传的红细胞血型抗原,当胎儿红细胞通过胎盘进入母体或母体通过其他途径(如输血、接种疫苗等)接触这些抗原后,刺激母体产生相应抗体。当此抗体(IgG)进入胎儿血液循环后,即与胎儿红细胞表面的相应抗原结合(致敏红细胞),继之在单核-吞噬细胞系统内被破坏,引起溶血。
Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to the fetus or newborn congenial immune hemolysis caused by maternal and neonatal blood group incompatibility [1]. Of the 26 human blood groups that have been found, ABO blood group incompatibility is the most common, followed by Rh blood group incompatibility, MN (rare blood group) blood group is less common. 1 etiology and pathogenesis of neonatal hemolytic disease maternal and child blood group caused by antigen-antibody reaction, due to the mother does not exist in the fetus of some of the father’s genetic red blood cell antigen, when the fetal red blood cells through the placenta into the mother or mother by other means Such as blood transfusion, vaccination, etc.) to stimulate the mother to produce the corresponding antibodies after contacting these antigens. When this antibody (IgG) enters the bloodstream of the fetus, it binds to the corresponding antigen on the erythrocyte surface of the fetus (the sensitized erythrocyte), which is subsequently destroyed in the mononuclear phagocyte system, causing hemolysis.