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阐明长期不同施肥红壤性稻田土壤肥力变化规律,探讨提高红壤性稻田土壤肥力的合理施肥模式。田间试验设CK(不施化肥)、N_1(N 60 kg/hm~2)、N_2(N 120 kg/hm~2)、N_1P_1(P_2O_530 kg/hm~2)、N_2P_1、N_2P_2(P_2O_560 kg/hm~2)、N_2P_2K_1(K_2O 45 kg/hm~2)和N_2P_2K_2(K_2O 90 kg/hm~2),各处理均施用腐熟牛粪作基肥,每季稻草按50%还田,连续10年不同施肥处理下红壤性稻田有机质、氮、磷和钾含量的变化规律。10年后各处理土壤有机质含量比试验前耕层土壤有机质含量平均增加2.5 g/kg,年均增加0.25 g/kg左右。各处理土壤全氮含量比试验前耕层土壤有机质含量平均增加0.35 g/kg,年均增加0.035g/kg,以N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理的土壤全氮增幅最大,平均每年增加0.052和0.048 g/kg。连续10年不施化学磷肥处理(CK和N_1、N_2),土壤全磷和有效磷含量基本上处于一种平稳状态。施用化学磷肥处理土壤全磷和有效磷含量呈逐年增加的趋势。N_1P_1和N_2P_1处理每年土壤全磷含量增加0.008 g/kg;N_2P_2、N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理土壤全磷含量年均增加0.012~0.013 g/kg。N_1P_1和N_2P_1处理每年土壤有效磷含量增加约0.8 mg/kg;N_2P_2、N_2P_2K_1和N_2P_2K_2处理土壤有效磷含量年均约增加1.4~1.6 mg/kg。连续10年不施化学钾肥处理(CK、N_1、N_2、N_1P_1、N_2P_1和N_2P_2),其土壤全钾含量基本上保持不变,而速效钾含量呈现出下降的趋势。施用化学钾肥处理中N_2P_2K_2土壤全钾、速效钾和缓效钾含量呈现逐年增加的趋势,其中全钾年均增加0.014g/kg。在施用有机肥基础上,增施氮磷钾化肥显著提高赤红壤区稻田土壤肥力水平,有机肥的施用是不断培肥土壤的有效措施之一。
The changes of soil fertility in long-term fertilization paddy soils were clarified, and the reasonable fertilization mode to improve soil fertility in red paddy soil was discussed. The field experiments were conducted with CK (no fertilizer application), N 1 (N 60 kg / hm -2), N 2 (N 120 kg / hm 2), N 1 P 1 (P 2 O 5 530 kg / hm 2), N 2 P 1, N 2 P 2 ~ 2), N 2 P 2 K 1 (K 2 O 45 kg / hm ~ 2) and N 2 P 2 K 2 (K 2 O 90 kg / hm ~ 2). All the treatments were using basal manure as basal fertilizer and straw returning 50% The variation of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in red paddy soil under different treatments. After 10 years, the content of soil organic matter in soil increased 2.5 g / kg on average compared with that in the soil before the experiment, and the average annual increase was about 0.25 g / kg. The content of total nitrogen in all treatments increased 0.35g / kg on average compared with that in the previous experiment, and the annual average increase was 0.035g / kg. The content of total nitrogen in N_2P_2K_1 and N_2P_2K_2 increased by 0.052 and 0.048 g / kg . After 10 years’ continuous application of chemical phosphate treatment (CK and N_1, N_2), the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil were basically in a steady state. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil treated with chemical phosphate fertilizer increased year by year. The total phosphorus content in soil increased by 0.008 g / kg per year with N_1P_1 and N_2P_1 treatments, while that of N_2P_2, N_2P_2K_1 and N_2P_2K_2 increased by 0.012 ~ 0.013 g / kg. The content of available phosphorus in soil increased about 0.8 mg / kg per year with N_1P_1 and N_2P_1 treatments, while that of N_2P_2, N_2P_2K_1 and N_2P_2K_2 increased by 1.4-1.6 mg / kg. After 10 years of continuous application of chemical potassium fertilizer (CK, N_1, N_2, N_1P_1, N_2P_1 and N_2P_2), the content of total potassium remained unchanged while the content of available potassium showed a decreasing trend. In the application of chemical potassium fertilizer, the content of total potassium, available potassium and slowly available potassium in N 2 P 2 K 2 soil showed a trend of increasing year by year, of which total potassium increased by 0.014 g / kg. Based on the application of organic fertilizer, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers significantly increased soil fertility levels in paddy fields in the hilly region. The application of organic manure was one of the effective measures to continually fertilize the soil.