中国近代早期新式知识分子伴随着洋务运动的产生而出现。他们的职业主要集中于洋务领域——军事、教育、实业等。但在当时科举制占主导的社会氛围里,他们的出现一开始就遭到主流社会的抵制与排斥,他们所从事的职业也受到社会的鄙视。早期新式知识分子在从业过程中,由于没有成熟的就业环境,没有国家的制度保障,因而难以独立立足于社会,往往成为旧体制的附庸。但是早期新式知识分子职业生涯的变迁轨迹——由社会边缘逐渐占据社会主导,却正好成为中国社会从传统逐渐向现代转型的典型见证。 Early modern Chinese new intellectuals appeared along with the emergence of the Westernization Movement. Their occupation is mainly concentrated in the field of foreign affairs - military, education, industry and so on. However, in the social atmosphere dominated by the imperial examination system at the time, their appearances were boycotted and excluded by the mainstream society from the outset. Their occupations were also despised by the society. In the process of employment, the early-stage intellectuals did not have a mature employment environment and did not have the system guarantee of the state. Therefore, it was difficult to stand on their own feet in society and often become vassal of the old system. However, the career trajectory of early neo-intellectuals gradually took the social domination from the fringe of the society, but it just happened to be a typical example of the transformation of Chinese society from tradition to modernity.