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本文应用聚合酶链反应（Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）技术对２８５例痰液，９２例胸水、３８例脑脊液标本中的结核杆菌进行了快速检测。ＰＣＲ法的敏感性为１００％，阳性率分别为２７．４％，２１．７％、１８．４％，明显高于浓缩集菌涂片法（阳性率分别为：９．５％、６．５％、２．６％），另外对２５例结核病患者痰标本用酶法和热裂解法提取结核杆菌ＤＮＡ获得了相同的敏感性。因此，ＰＣＲ法可以成为临床常规检查以取代涂片和培养法，对于结核病的诊断和防治具有非常重要的意义。
In this paper, 285 cases of sputum, 92 cases of pleural effusion, 38 cases of cerebrospinal fluid specimens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected rapidly by Polymerase chain reaction (Polymerase chain reaction) technology. The sensitivity of PCR was 100%, the positive rates were 27.4%, 21.7% and 18.4% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the concentrated smear method (the positive rates were 9.5% and 6% respectively. 5%, 2.6%). In addition, the same sensitivity was obtained for the DNA extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enzymatic and pyrolysis methods in sputum samples of 25 cases of tuberculosis patients. Therefore, PCR can become a routine clinical examination to replace the smear and culture, for the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis has a very important significance.