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[目的]了解珠宝加工行业存在的不良工效学因素及其与作业人员健康损害的关系。[方法]采用作业场所工效学分析和问卷调查的方法对珠宝加工企业的不良工效学因素进行识别和评价,通过健康检查和问卷调查的方式了解作业人员的健康状况。[结果]目前珠宝加工行业存在不良工效学因素有不良作业姿势和动作、作业内容单调,以及较强的注意力程度等;观察组下背、右肩、手指疼痛率均明显高于对照组,观察组内执模组颈部、下背、腰部疼痛率高于其他组,抛光组右肩、左手手指、右手手指疼痛率高于其他组;观察组工人体检颈椎旁压痛和腰椎棘突压痛高于对照组。[结论]珠宝加工行业作业工人存在低头、伏案等强制作业姿势和动作,作业内容单调以及较强的注意力程度,与工人存在的肌肉骨骼肌系统的不适有密切关系。
[Objective] To understand the adverse ergonomics factors in the jewelry processing industry and its relationship with the health damage of workers. [Methods] The ergonomics factors of jewelry processing enterprises were identified and evaluated by ergonomics analysis and questionnaire survey of workplaces. The health status of workers was known through health examination and questionnaire survey. [Results] At present, there are some bad ergonomics in the jewelry processing industry, such as bad work posture and movement, monotonous work content, strong attentional degree and so on. The pain rate of the lower back, right shoulder and finger of the observation group is obviously higher than that of the control group, In the observation group, the pain rate of neck, lower back and lower back in the model control group was higher than those in the other groups. The pain rate of the right shoulder, left hand finger and right hand finger of the polishing group was higher than that of other groups. In the control group. [Conclusion] There was a compulsive posture and movement such as bow and desk in the jewelry processing industry. Monotonous work content and strong concentration of attention were closely related to the discomfort of the muscular skeletal muscle system in which the workers were present.