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目的了解宁德市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行病学特征及规律,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2013年全市累计报告甲肝1 277例,无死亡病例,年均发病率4.69/10万。疫情呈散发态势,发病率逐年下降,由2005年的9.71/10万下降至2013年的1.35/10万,下降了86.10%。发病年龄构成主要以15岁及以上年龄组为主,发病1 251例(97.96%),人群年均发病率5.61/10万;男性平均发病率为6.16/10万,女性平均发病率为3.06/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 053.62,P<0.01),男女性别比是2.2∶1。主要分布在农民和家务及待业人员中,病例占总数的57.01%。结论宁德市的甲肝发病率已处于低发水平,14岁以下儿童发病很少,发病人群主要以农民、家务、待业人员及成年人为主,今后的防控措施除继续加强免疫规划工作外,应加强重点人群以及高危人群的预防控制工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and rules of type A viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A) in Ningde and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results A total of 1 277 hepatitis A cases were reported in the city from 2005 to 2013, with no deaths. The average annual incidence was 4.69 / 100 000. The outbreak was spreading and the incidence dropped year by year, from 9.71 / 100,000 in 2005 to 1.35 / 100,000 in 2013, a decrease of 86.10%. The age of onset was mainly in the age group of 15 and over, with an incidence of 1 251 (97.96%) and an average annual rate of 5.61 / 100000 in the population. The average incidence of males was 6.16 / lakh and the average incidence of females was 3.06 / 100 000, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1 053.62, P <0.01), male to female ratio was 2.2: 1. Mainly distributed among peasants and domestic workers and unemployed persons, accounting for 57.01% of the total cases. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis A in Ningde City is at a low level. There are few cases of children under 14 years of age. The majority of the patients are peasants, domestic workers, unemployed persons and adults. In addition to continuing to strengthen the immunization planning work, future prevention and control measures Strengthen the prevention and control of key populations and high-risk groups.