目的监测分析广东省某核电站工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核变化情况,评价接触低剂量中子和γ-射线辐射的核电站工作人员放射损伤状况,为其辐射防护和职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法对广东某核电站2011—2014年4年间接受放射卫生监护健康检查核电运营工作人员,进行外周血中淋巴细胞微核细胞率与微核率检测。比较不同年份、不同年龄、不同工龄核电站工作人员外周血微核率的变化情况。结果微核细胞率和微核率及微核异常检出率按不同年份由高到低依次为2011、2012、2013和2014年,选择2014年微核细胞率和微核率及微核异常检出率与2011和2012年比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与2013年比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组,微核细胞率和微核率随着年龄的增加而增高,其中50岁以上核电工作人员比其他年龄组明显增高,经统计学分析,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工龄组随辐射作业工龄增加,微核细胞率和微核率均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2011—2014年广东某核电站工作人员的细胞微核监测结果逐年降低,且均在正常参考范围内,说明该核电站的工作环境是安全的,但微核细胞率和微核率均有随年龄和工龄的增加而升高的趋势,故仍应加强核电站运营工作人员辐射防护,切实保障其健康和安全。 Objective To monitor and analyze the changes of micronuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes in a nuclear power station worker in Guangdong Province and evaluate the radiation injury status of nuclear power plant workers exposed to low dose neutron and γ-ray radiation to provide a scientific basis for their radiation protection and occupational health care. Methods A nuclear power station staff in a nuclear power station in Guangdong Province during the four years from 2011 to 2014 undergoing radiological health monitoring was examined for lymphocyte micronucleus rate and micronucleus rate in peripheral blood. Compare the changes of the micronucleus rate in the peripheral blood of staff of different age, different age and different working age nuclear power station. Results The detection rate of micronuclei, micronucleus rate and micronucleus rate in different years were 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The rates of micronuclei, micronuclei and micronucleus in 2014 were selected. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) compared with that of 2011 and 2012. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) compared with 2013. In different age groups, the rates of micronuclei and micronuclei increased with the increase of age, of which nuclear power workers over the age of 50 were significantly higher than other age groups, the statistical analysis, the differences between the age groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The frequencies of MN and micronucleus in different age groups increased with the working age of radiation, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The results of cell micronucleus monitoring in a nuclear power station in Guangdong Province decreased gradually from 2011 to 2014 and were within the normal reference range, indicating that the nuclear power station’s working environment is safe. However, the rates of micronuclei and micronuclei are all dependent on age And the increase of seniority, it is still necessary to strengthen the radiation protection of nuclear power station operators and ensure their health and safety.