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在地球上测量物体的质量主要是采用重力法,即使杠杆达到平衡、测量应变片的应变量、弹性体的变形量等方法测得物体中某一地点受到的重力值,再除以该地点的重力加速度就得到其质量值。而在太空等无重力的条件下测量物体的质量值主要有直线加速法、圆周运动法、简谐运动法、动量守恒法、能量守恒法等物理方法,这些方法中理论上都可以测得物体的质量,但真正实现都比较困难,而且有些方法的测量影响量较大,无法满足需求。本文对上述质量测量方法一一进行具体分析,提出具体的操作和实现步骤,并给出测量影响量分析,从而得出无重力测量物体质量的最佳方法。
Measuring the mass of an object on Earth is mainly based on the gravitational method. Even if the lever is in balance, the amount of strain in the strain gauge, the amount of deformation of the elastomer, etc., the gravitational force measured at a certain point in the object is divided by Gravity acceleration to get its quality value. In space-based and gravity-free conditions, the mass of objects mainly includes physical methods such as linear acceleration method, circular motion method, simple harmonic motion method, momentum conservation method and energy conservation method. All of these methods can theoretically measure objects Quality, but the real realization is more difficult, and some methods measure the impact of large, unable to meet the demand. In this paper, the quality of measurement methods described in detail one by one specific proposed operation and implementation steps, and gives the measurement of the impact of the amount of analysis, to come to the best method of gravity measurement of object quality.