目的　探讨脐血移植对儿童骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)的治疗效果。方法　一例 1 2岁MDS患儿行HLA相合的同胞脐血移植 ,预处理采用BU/CY +ATG方案 :马利兰 (BU) 1mg/kg ,每 6h一次 ,用 2d ;环磷酰胺 (CY)每日 5 0mg/kg ,用 4d ;抗胸腺球蛋白 (ATG) 1 0 0mg/d ,用 4d。输入脐血有核细胞 2 .5 7× 1 0 7/kg ,CD3 4 +细胞 1 .1 8× 1 0 5/kg。移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)的预防采用环胞菌素A (CsA) +骁悉 (MMF) +甲基泼尼松龙(MP)。移植后应用惠尔血、白介素 1 1及重组红细胞生成素以加速造血重建。结果　 +2 1d粒系植入 ,+48d血小板植入 ,+2 8d患者骨髓DNA指纹图示完全嵌合状态。随访 1 1个月 ,患者各项检查正常 ,未发生急、慢性GVHD。结论　本例为国内大陆首例成功脐血移植治疗MDS ,为今后儿童MDS的治疗积累了经验 Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of cord blood transplantation on children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods A 12-year-old MDS children underwent cord blood transplantation with HLA matched siblings. Preconditioning was performed with BU / CY + ATG regimen: 1 mg / kg builamine every 6 hours for 2 days. Cyclophosphamide (CY) 5 0 mg / kg for 4 days; anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) 100 mg / day for 4 days. Into umbilical cord blood cells 2. 57 × 107 / kg, CD3 4 + cells 1 .1 8 × 105 / kg. Prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was cyclosporin A (CsA) + MMF + methylprednisolone (MP). Transplantation after application of Whirlpool, interleukin 11 and recombinant erythropoietin to accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution. Results +2 1d granulocyte implantation, +48 d platelet implantation, bone marrow DNA fingerprints of +2 8d patients showed complete chimerism. Follow-up 1 1 months, the patient’s examination was normal, no acute and chronic GVHD. Conclusion This case is the first case of successful umbilical cord blood transplantation for the treatment of MDS in Mainland China, which has accumulated experience for the treatment of MDS in children in the future