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根据传统比较优势理论,一国特定产品贸易的国际竞争力取决于其比较优势的实际状况。文章利用SITC Rev.3三位数层次的1992～2008年中国的贸易数据,发现无论初级农产品还是农业制成品都存在着对称显示性比较优势(RSCA)与净出口比率(NRX)严重背离的现象。通过构建新的贸易模式背离倾向指数(H指数),进一步分析表明存在NRX高于RSCA的系统性背离倾向。上述背离在本质上与中国的出口导向型发展战略保持一致,但却很可能以牺牲经济效率为代价。
According to the traditional theory of comparative advantage, the international competitiveness of a country’s specific product trade depends on the actual situation of its comparative advantage. Using SITC Rev.3 three-digit Chinese trade data from 1992 to 2008, we find that there is a serious divergence between RSCA and NRX in both primary and agricultural products phenomenon. By building a new trade model of deviation from the propensity index (H index), further analysis shows that there is a systematic deviation of NRX from RSCA. The above departure is essentially in line with China’s export-oriented development strategy, but it is likely to come at the expense of economic efficiency.