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文学作品是作为创作主体的作家心理建构的产物,必然与作家的心理、尤其是与作家受到童年早期经验影响所形成的心理人格有着密切的联系。运用阿德勒的自卑理论分析曹文轩的儿童文学创作,可以发现,童年的苦难经历是曹文轩自卑情结产生的主要原因,文学创作是他释放和补偿自卑情结的有效方式,而正确的生活意义则是他超越自卑的根本原因。在正确的生活意义的指引下,曹文轩不但肯定苦难、正视自卑,而且从自卑情结中升华出了“悲悯情怀”这一崇高品质。曹文轩笔下的儿童经历了由自卑而超越的心灵成长历程,这对于培养当代儿童读者的悲悯情怀、帮助他们克服成长中的心理危机,树立超越自卑的信心和勇气具有重要的意义。
Literary works are the product of the psychological construction of the writer as the main body of creation, which is bound to be closely related to the psychology of the writer, especially the psychological personality formed by the writer’s early childhood experience. Using Adler’s self-esteem theory to analyze Cao Wenxuan’s children’s literature creation, we can find that the childhood suffering experience is the main reason for Cao Wenxuan’s inferiority complex. Literary creation is an effective way for him to release and compensate for the inferiority complex, and the correct life meaning is He transcends the root causes of inferiority. Under the guidance of the correct meaning of life, Cao Wenxuan not only affirmed suffering, facing inferiority, but also sublimated from inferiority complex out of “compassion ” this lofty quality. The children under Cao Wenxuan’s spiritual growth experienced by inferiority complex have great significance for cultivating compassion for contemporary children’s readers, helping them to overcome the growing psychological crisis and establishing confidence and courage beyond inferiority complex.