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母乳喂养是所有婴儿的最佳食物。母乳可促进早产儿免疫系统和其他未成熟器官的不断发育，明显改善其近、远期预后；但母乳可能携带病原微生物，尤其是巨细胞病毒可通过母乳喂养感染早产儿，出现一系列临床症状，并对其近、远期预后产生不利影响。本文结合国内外研究进展讨论了早产儿生后经母乳获得性巨细胞病毒感染的现状，并重点介绍了现有的临床预防处理策略。“,”Breast feeding is the optimal food for all babies. Human milk can promote the immune system and other immature organs of premature infants, and improve the development and long term outcomes. However, breast milk may carry pathogenic microorganisms especially cytomegalovirus, which can be infected through breast feeding. Infected preterm infants could appear a series of clinical symptoms and may developed a series of adversely long-term prognosis. This paper discussed the research progress about preterm infants acquired the cytomegalovirus by breast feeding after birth and focused on the existing clinical prevention treatment strategies.