断裂力学的兴起是近一、二十年内的事情。60年代以来,由于各方面的重视,在实验和理论方面均有迅速的发展。 与经典的固体力学不同,断裂力学主要研究裂纹周围的材料的形状。断裂力学理论的一个中心点就是所谓“断裂韧度”,它已成为近几年以来材料试验的重要指标。 对于工业、国防中广泛应用的金属材料,人们通常用一系列指标来衡量它们的力学性能,如屈服强度、延伸率、断面收缩率、冲击功、疲劳极限、持久强度等等。但是,随着工艺水平的提高及高强度材料的引入,人们发现,对于传统的力学性能指标均满足要求的结构材 The rise of fracture mechanics is one or two decades of things. Since the 1960s, due to all aspects of attention, there has been rapid development both in experiment and theory. Unlike classical solid mechanics, fracture mechanics focuses on the shape of the material around the crack. One of the central points in fracture mechanics theory is the so-called “fracture toughness,” which has become an important indicator of material testing in recent years. For metal materials widely used in industry and defense, people generally measure their mechanical properties with a series of indexes, such as yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, impact energy, fatigue limit, long-lasting strength and so on. However, with the improvement of the technological level and the introduction of high-strength materials, it has been found that for structural materials that meet the requirements of the traditional mechanical properties