自从费孝通先生的《乡土中国》刊行以来,有关乡土中国的学术研究便不绝如缕。尽管《乡土中国》远不是研究这一话题的奠基之作,但一部名著对学术、甚至对整个社会的影响就是这样:它不但会以其内容的精要而享誉学坛,而且会以命名的确切而规范社会。当下的学人把中国农村辄称为乡土社会,或许就是这部名著所生的规范效应吧?不过回思当下所谓乡土社会,和费老所谓“乡土中国”有着全然不同的面貌。可以说传统中国 Since Fei Xiaotong’s “Native China” was published, there has been no lack of academic research on native China. Although “native China” is far from being the foundation for the study of this topic, the influence of a masterpiece on academia and even society as a whole is such that not only is it renowned for its content, but its name, The exact and standardized society. Nowadays scholars refer to the Chinese rural areas as native society, perhaps the normative effect that this masterpiece gave birth to. However, the so-called home-grown society in Remembrance has an entirely different appearance from what Fei Lao called “native China.” It can be said that traditional China