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1981年四川省气候异常,6月下旬至9月中旬,先后在凉山、渡口、荣昌等地,沱、涪、嘉、岷江流域,永川地区,马尔康、金川等地出现了五次暴雨洪灾过程:有138个县下了暴雨,119个县受灾,淹没县城57个,场镇776个,被淹没垮塌的房屋153.4万间;受灾生产队有20多万个,共2,000多万人;淹没和冲毁农田1,756万亩,其中基本无收的459万亩,冲毁耕地147.5万多亩,造成了粮食减产30余亿斤;城乡直接经济损失约达20多亿元。在这五次暴雨洪水过程中,尤以7月12—15日的特大暴雨洪灾最为严重,致使沱、涪、嘉三江流域和重庆以下的长江干流出现了特大洪水,岷江、渠江、青衣江亦相继出现了较大洪水。为了认真总结1981年洪水的经验教训,研究水土保持措施的蓄洪抗灾作用,现以“81·7”洪灾为例,进行如下讨论。
In 1981, the climate in Sichuan Province was anomalous. From June to mid-September, there were five rainstorm and flood episodes in places such as Liangshan, Ferry, Rongchang, Tuo, Fu, Jia, Minjiang River, Yongchuan, There were heavy rainfalls in 138 counties, 119 counties affected, 57 submerged counties, 776 market towns, 1,534,000 submerged collapsed houses and more than 200,000 affected production teams, totaling more than 20 million people. Inundated and washed 17.66 million mu of farmland were destroyed, of which 4.59 million mu were basically run-down and 1.47 million mu were destroyed, resulting in a reduction of more than 30 billion jin of grain. The direct economic loss in urban and rural areas amounted to about 2 billion yuan. During the five floodstorms and floods, especially in July 12-15, the most severe torrential rains and floods caused the most serious floods in the Tuo, Fu and Jia Sanjiang valleys and below the Yangtze River in Chongqing. The Minjiang, Qujiang and Qingyi Rivers Also appeared in greater floods. In order to conscientiously sum up the experiences and lessons of the flood in 1981 and study the flood-fighting and flood-fighting effects of soil and water conservation measures, the following discussion is made by taking the “81 · 7” flood as an example.