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采用人工降雨的方法,研究降雨强度、降雨动能与雨滴击溅产生溅蚀量的关系,同时分析溅蚀量的距离分布特征,以期深入探究雨滴溅蚀的发生发展过程。结果表明:(1)在雨滴击溅侵蚀中,下坡方向的溅蚀量最大,显著高于上坡方向的溅蚀量;侧坡方向的溅蚀量次之,上坡方向的溅蚀量最小。溅蚀总搬运量和净搬运量均与降雨强度呈显著的正相关关系。(2)溅蚀量与降雨强度呈正的指数函数关系;与降雨动能呈正的线性函数关系。两个降雨参数均能良好的反映降雨对雨滴击溅侵蚀的影响。(3)溅蚀土粒分布在距离样地0~80cm内,其中61%~75%的土粒分布在0~20cm内。溅蚀量随着溅蚀距离的增大而减小,两者呈指数函数关系。
The relationship between rainfall intensity, rainfall kinetic energy and splashing volume caused by raindrop splashing was studied by using artificial rainfall method. Meanwhile, the distance distribution characteristics of splashing volume were analyzed in order to explore the occurrence and development of raindrop splashing. The results show that: (1) In raindrop splashing erosion, the amount of splash erosion in downhill direction is the highest, which is significantly higher than that in uphill direction; the splashing amount in slope direction is second, the splashing amount in uphill direction Min. Both the total transport volume and the net transport volume of splashing had a significant positive correlation with rainfall intensity. (2) There is a positive exponential function between the amount of sputter erosion and rainfall intensity, and a positive linear relationship with rainfall kinetic energy. Both rainfall parameters can well reflect the impact of rain on raindrop splash erosion. (3) Erosion soil particles are distributed within 0 ~ 80cm away from the sample area, of which 61% ~ 75% soil particles distribute within 0 ~ 20cm. The amount of sputter erosion decreases with the increase of splashing distance, exponentially.