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一、露天开采与废石排弃露天开采与地下开采相比较,具有回采率高、作业安全、且便于机械化大规模生产等优点,所以目前国内外相当数量的黑色、有色金属矿山均采用露天开采。在美国,露天铁矿的产量占全国总铁矿产量的94％,29个大型铁矿山中有28个为露天开采;在苏联,露天铁矿的产量占全国铁矿总产量的83％,仅17个大型露天铁矿年产就高达4亿吨;我国现年产1亿吨铁矿石,其中露天矿产量占90％,有色金属矿石中的三分之一为露天开采。据统计,全世界所需矿物的三分之二是由露天开采的。
First, the open pit mining and waste rock abandonment Opencast mining compared with the underground mining, with high recovery rate, safe operation, and facilitate the mechanization of large-scale production and other advantages, so a considerable number of domestic and international black and non-ferrous metal mines are used open pit mining . In the United States, the output of open-pit iron ore accounts for 94% of the total iron ore production in the country and 28 of 29 large iron mines are open-pit; in the Soviet Union, the output of open-pit iron ore accounts for 83% of the total iron ore production in the country and only The output of 17 large-scale open-pit iron mines is as high as 400 million tons annually. China currently produces 100 million tons of iron ore, of which 90% is open-pit ore and one-third of non-ferrous ores are open-pit mining. According to statistics, two-thirds of the world’s minerals are mined by surface mining.