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前列腺癌是男性常见的一种恶性肿瘤,在东亚地区发病率相对较低,但在欧美等发达地区发病率较高,前列腺癌已成为严重威胁男性健康的第二大恶性肿瘤。前列腺癌诊断的金标准为穿刺活检,是否对可疑患者进行穿刺活检,主要依赖于直肠指检和血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)的检测结果。但血清PSA水平的上升受很多因素的影响,如前列腺肥大、急性前列腺炎等。同时直肠指检结果判断缺乏一定的客观标准,存在个人主观性。因此,前列腺癌诊断的肿瘤标志物成为研究的热点。
Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in men. Its incidence in East Asia is relatively low. However, it has a high incidence in developed areas such as Europe and the United States. Prostate cancer has become the second most serious malignant tumor that threatens men’s health. The gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a biopsy and whether biopsy is performed on suspicious patients depends mainly on the results of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. But the rise of serum PSA level is affected by many factors, such as prostatic hypertrophy, acute prostatitis and so on. At the same time, the results of the digital rectal examination to determine the lack of a certain objective criteria, there is a subjective personality. Therefore, the diagnosis of prostate cancer tumor markers become a research hot spot.