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在高中有机化学教学中,由于其研究客体的庞杂、反应数量的惊人,很多学生在学习时总是显得摸不着头脑。教学中始终运用“结构决定性质”的基本思想方法,以典型代表物认识各类物资的结构特点和性质,并且抓住官能团断键和成键。笔者就高中有机化学中涉及到的含氧官能团部分的教学提出一些建议。一、羟基部分的教学醇的官能团为-OH,有醇羟基和酚羟基。醇以乙醇为典型代表物,介绍醇的置换反应、消去反应、取代反应和氧化反应,并在一元醇的基础上简单介绍多元醇。乙醇中乙氧基负离子相对稳定,
In high school organic chemistry teaching, because of the complexity of its research object, the alarming number of reactions, many students always seem scratching their head when learning. In teaching, we always use the basic idea and method of “structural determinative nature ” to recognize the structural features and properties of various types of materials with typical representations, and seize the broken-down and bond-forming of functional groups. The author put forward some suggestions on the teaching of the oxygen-containing functional groups involved in organic chemistry in high school. First, the teaching of the hydroxyl part of the alcohol functional group is -OH, alcoholic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl. Alcohol as a typical representative of ethanol, introduced the alcohol displacement reaction, elimination reaction, substitution reaction and oxidation reaction, and on the basis of a simple alcohol polyols. Ethanol in the ethoxy anion is relatively stable,