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据官方估计,按可比价格计算,1978—1999年中国农村的收入和消费水平的增长超过了城镇。而据我个人20多年来对一些农村和城镇的观察却是农村远远落后于城镇。另外,城镇居民食品支出在收入中的比重的下降快于农村,这也说明城镇居民收入的增长快于农村。在可比价格下对收入和消费的估计存在很大的差异。这些计算上的差异来自用于描述真实水平的价格指数的巨大差异。价格指数的检验产生了一个质量的改变是否能够准确度量的问题。由于城镇居民有着比农村居民更高的收入水平,使城镇中产品质量的改变要比农村重要得多。
According to official estimates, at comparable prices, the growth of income and consumption levels in rural China over 1978-1999 outpaced that of cities and towns. However, according to my personal observations of some rural areas and towns in more than 20 years, rural areas lag far behind cities and towns. In addition, the proportion of urban residents in food expenditure dropped faster than in rural areas, which also shows that urban residents income growth faster than in rural areas. Estimates of income and consumption at comparable prices vary widely. These computational differences come from the huge differences in the price indices used to describe real levels. The test of the price index produces the question of whether a qualitative change can be accurately measured. As urban residents have higher income levels than rural residents, the quality of products in towns and cities is much more important than in rural areas.