【摘 要】
:
Spatially selective firing of place cells,grid cells,boundary vector/border cells and head direction cells constitutes the basic building blocks of a canonical spatial navigation system centered on the hippocampal-entorhinal complex.While head direction c
【机 构】
:
Department of Neurosurgery,Xinqiao Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400037,China
论文部分内容阅读
Spatially selective firing of place cells,grid cells,boundary vector/border cells and head direction cells constitutes the basic building blocks of a canonical spatial navigation system centered on the hippocampal-entorhinal complex.While head direction cells can be found throughout the brain,spatial tuning outside the hippocampal formation is often non-specific or conjunctive to other representations such as a reward.Although the precise mechanism of spatially selective firing activity is not understood,various studies show sensory inputs,particularly vision,heavily modulate spatial representation in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit.To better understand the contribution of other sensory inputs in shaping spatial representation in the brain,we performed recording from the primary somatosensory cortex in foraging rats.To our surprise,we were able to detect the full complement of spatially selective firing patterns similar to that reported in the hippocampal-entorhinal network,namely,place cells,head direction cells,boundary vector/border cells,grid cells and conjunctive cells,in the somatosensory cortex.These newly identified somatosensory spatial cells form a spatial map outside the hippocampal formation and support the hypothesis that location information modulates body representation in the somatosensory cortex.Our findings provide transformative insights into our understanding of how spatial information is processed and integrated in the brain,as well as functional operations of the somatosensory cortex in the context of rehabilitation with brain-machine interfaces.
其他文献
Dear Editor,rnAccumulating clinical data suggest the main causes of death by COVID-19 include respiratory failure and the onset of sepsis.1 Importantly,sepsis has been observed in nearly all deceased patients.2-5 It remains elusive how SARS-CoV-2 infectio
RNAi therapy has undergone two stages of development,direct injection of synthetic siRNAs and delivery with artificial vehicles or conjugated ligands;both have not solved the problem of efficient in vivo siRNA delivery.Here,we present a proof-of-principle
基于数据的深度学习方法在自然语言处理领域方兴未艾,但种种问题也开始显现.语言的经典的组合原则被打破,让机器“理解”语言变得不再重要,符号之间的黏性完全由样本统计决定,违背了人类语言理解和习得的主观经验.本文针对这一系列问题,详尽阐述了经典数字计算机的运算和决策过程,并对其处理部分模糊性问题时采取的策略进行简要介绍,指出即使是在统计学习过程中,人类偏好也无时无刻不在扮演着关键作用,规律性不可能无条件地从海量数据中自动浮现.逻辑学家和数据科学家有责任揭示这些主观偏好,这不仅是算法可解释性的外在需要,也是提高运
Intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis is crucial for cellular functions and signal transduction across all kingdoms of life.In particular,bacterial pHi homeostasis is important for physiology,ecology,and pathogenesis.Here we report an exquisite bacterial aci
Ca2+ channels are essential to cell birth,life,and death.They can be externally activated by optogenetic tools,but this requires robust introduction of exogenous optogenetic genes for expression of photosensitive proteins in biological systems.Here we pre
Dear Editor,rnVasopressin type 2 receptor(V2R)belongs to the vasopressin(VP)/oxytocin(OT)receptor subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),which comprises at least four closely related receptor subtypes:V1aR,V1bR,V2R,and OTR.1 These receptors are a
马克思世界历史思想揭示了社会由封闭片面性的、分散独立性的存在,逐渐转变为相互依存性的一体化存在的整体化历史,包含着丰富的系统哲学思想.本文从系统哲学的角度剖析马克思世界历史思想的特征,有助于更好地理解并诠释马克思世界历史思想的理论特质,进而增强这一思想对世界新现象和新问题的科学解释力,助推世界历史变革.
拉兹洛通过双透视论构建他的系统哲学,但自然-认知系统的结构阐释偏向导致对纵向层次和外部条件的关注有所欠缺.引入层级演化和环境交互的思想有助于增强该理论的支撑力度,其中,层级演化以组织性为基本标准,通过自组和自稳机制演化出等级体系;环境交互则指与环境的物质、能量和信息的交互作用历史性地指向功能演化的不可逆过程.以上思想集中反映在双透视论对内部与外部区分的“界面”上,这与技术作为人工物所指向的主体客体化和客体主体化的辩证实践过程有异曲同工之妙,亦即技术的赛博本性.
考虑生产过程M/M/1以及产品合格率不确定,建立以生产批量为决策变量,以企业期望利润为目标的决策模型.在此基础上分析确定需求和不确定需求的生产批量,得出了确定需求下的最优生产批量与相关参数之间的关系.最后通过一个算例验证了模型的有效性.
Fundamental processes such as ribosomal RNA synthesis and chromatin remodeling take place in the nucleolus,which is hyperactive in fast-proliferating cells.The sophisticated regulatory mechanism underlying the dynamic nucleolar structure and functions is