目的了解一起家庭手足口病聚集性病例的临床表现、流行因素和传染源,为完善防治措施提供依据。方法按手足口病防控指南(2009版)要求,对患儿进行个案调查,并采集患儿及密切接触者的咽拭子进行实验室检测。结果本次疫情是一起由EV71病毒引起的家庭聚集性手足口病,该家庭双胞胎姐妹发病,姐姐死亡,妹妹康复,疫情传染源明确。结论家长防护意识淡薄是造成手足口病聚集的主要原因;首诊医师未及时做出正确诊断并识别重症倾向,未及时推荐到重症收治定点医院治疗可能是死亡病例发生的主要原因。加强健康教育宣传,高度重视散居儿童监护人员面对面手足口病知识宣传是控制散居低龄儿童疫情流行的关键。加强对基层医师,特别是村医相关诊疗知识的培训是减少死亡病例发生的关键。 Objective To understand the clinical manifestations, epidemic factors and sources of infection of aggregated cases of family hand-foot-mouth disease in families, so as to provide basis for improving prevention and control measures. Methods According to the Hand-foot-and-mouth disease prevention and control guideline (2009 edition), we conducted a case investigation on children and collected throat swabs from children and close contacts for laboratory testing. Results The outbreak was a familial hand-foot-mouth disease caused by EV71 virus. The twin siblings of this family were affected by the disease. Their sisters died and their sister recovered. The source of the outbreak was clear. Conclusions The weak protective awareness of parents is the main reason for hand-foot-mouth disease aggregation. The first physician failed to make the correct diagnosis and identify the severe tendency in time, and it is not recommended to critically acclimatise to the designated hospital for treatment of severe illnesses may be the main cause of death. Strengthen publicity on health education and attach great importance to face-to-face knowledge of hand-foot-mouth disease among guardians of scattered children The key to controlling the epidemic of infants and young children living in scattered areas is their knowledge. Strengthening the training of grassroots physicians, especially those related to village doctors, is the key to reducing the number of deaths.