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目的探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)不同亚型被动内隐视觉空间注意特点。方法选取2012年4月至2012年12月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊就诊符合《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的注意缺陷为主型ADHD(ADHD-I型)患儿27例,混合型ADHD(ADHD-C型)22例,以及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常儿童(正常对照组)18名,采用pop-out视觉搜索任务比较3组完成被动内隐视觉空间注意的反应时(RT)、个体内反应时标准差(ISD)及各类错误率。结果 (1)左、右视野RT:ADHD-C型[(611.8±133.3)ms、(597.7±122.8)ms]ADHD-I型[(633.6±124.5)ms、(619.2±119.4)ms]和正常对照组[(635.5±131.1)ms、(626.6±138.4)ms],对左视野目标RT均慢于右视野(P<0.05),但3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)左、右视野ISD:ADHD-C型[(187.0±45.5)ms、(189.7±47.6)ms,P<0.05]和ADHD-I型[(167.9±54.0)ms、(179.3±57.0)ms,P<0.05]左、右视野ISD均明显大于正常对照组[(137.3±39.1)ms、(136.6±38.3)ms,P<0.05]。(3)左、右视野预期错误率:ADHD-C型左、右视野预期错误率[(1.1±1.2)%、(1.6±1.8)%]高于正常对照组[(0.5±1.2)%、(0.3±0.9)%,P<0.05];左视野3组间预期错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)左、右视野错误率:右侧视野ADHD-C型错误率显著大于正常对照组[(6.9±6.6)%、(2.9±4.1)%,P<0.05];左侧视野,3组间错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无论ADHD-I型还是ADHD-C型儿童被动内隐视觉空间注意波动水平均大于正常对照儿童,注意力维持能力差,且ADHD-C型儿童抑制缺陷重于ADHD-I型儿童。
Objective To investigate the attentional characteristics of passive implicit visual space in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods From April 2012 to December 2012, Peking University Mental Health Institute (Peking University Mental Health Institute) outpatient treatment met the diagnostic criteria of the fourth edition of the American Handbook of Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (ADHD-I (N = 27), mixed ADHD (type 22 ADHD-C) and 18 normal children (normal control group) with matched gender and age. The patients were divided into three groups according to pop-out visual search task. (RT) for attentional space, standard deviation (ISD) for intra-individual reaction, and various error rates. Results (1) Left and right visual field RT: ADHD-C type [(611.8 ± 133.3) ms, (597.7 ± 122.8) ms] ADHD-I type [(633.6 ± 124.5) ms, (619.2 ± 119.4) ms] The control group [(635.5 ± 131.1) ms, (626.6 ± 138.4) ms] had a slower RT than the right visual field in the left visual field (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 3 groups (P> 0.05). (2) left and right visual field ISD: ADHD-C type [(187.0 ± 45.5) ms, (189.7 ± 47.6) ms, P <0.05] ms, P <0.05]. The left and right visual fields of ISD were significantly larger than that of the normal control group [(137.3 ± 39.1) ms, (136.6 ± 38.3) ms, P <0.05]. (3) Expected error rate of right and left visual field: The expected error rate of left and right visual fields of ADHD-C was (1.1 ± 1.2)% and (1.6 ± 1.8)% higher than that of the normal control group [(0.5 ± 1.2)%, (0.3 ± 0.9)%, P <0.05]. There was no significant difference in the expected error rate between the three groups in the left visual field (P> 0.05). (4) Left and right visual field error rate: The right-side visual field ADHD-C type error rate was significantly higher than that in the normal control group [(6.9 ± 6.6)%, (2.9 ± 4.1)%, P <0.05] There was no significant difference between the error rates (P> 0.05). Conclusion Both ADHD-I and ADHD-C children with passive implicit visual space attention fluctuations were higher than those of normal control children, and their ADHD-C children had worse ability to maintain attention than ADHD-I children.