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目的：观察不同时期母乳中肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）的水平及不同喂养方式对新生儿Ｔ细胞亚群的影响，初步探讨母乳中ＴＮＦ－α对新生儿免疫调节的意义。方法：通过生物活性方法测定母乳中ＴＮＦ－α的活性和双抗体夹心法测定其含量。结果：①母乳中不仅具有生物活性的ＴＮＦ－α，而且有一定含量，以初乳为高（０．３３±０．１４μｇ／Ｌ），过渡乳与成熟乳含量无差异（０．１７±０．０９μｇ／Ｌ，０．１６±０．０９μｇ／Ｌ），而市售的牛乳中未检测到ＴＮＦ－α。②母乳喂养组的新生儿ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比对照组增加，而牛乳喂养组的新生儿ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８与对照组相比没有变化。结论：母乳中有一定量ＴＮＦ－α，若及早母乳喂养，受体婴儿获得足够量的ＴＮＦ－α，有利于调节免疫功能和预防机会感染。故母乳喂养应成为婴儿首选的喂养方式
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and different feeding methods on neonatal T cell subsets in different stages of breast-feeding, and to explore the significance of TNF-α in breast milk in neonatal immunomodulation. Methods: The activity of TNF-α in breast milk was determined by bioactivity method and its content was determined by double antibody sandwich method. Results: ①There was not only bioactive TNF-α in breast milk, but also the content of colostrum was high (0.33 ± 0.14μg / L), there was no difference between the transitional milk and mature milk (0.17 ± 0 .09 μg / L, 0.16 ± 0.09 μg / L), whereas no TNF-α was detected in commercially available milk. ② The proportion of neonatal CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4 / CD8 in breastfeeding group increased compared with the control group, while there was no change in neonatal CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4 / CD8 in breastfeeding group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: There is a certain amount of TNF-α in breast milk. If breastfeeding as soon as possible, a sufficient amount of TNF-α is obtained in the recipient infants, which is conducive to regulating immune function and preventing opportunistic infections. Breastfeeding should therefore be the preferred method of feeding for infants