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通过对GB/T 10180—2003《工业锅炉热工性能试验规程》中过热蒸汽锅炉正平衡效率计算公式的热力学分析，原公式在计算输出热量时未扣除取样锅水从饱和蒸汽到过热蒸汽所需热量，导致计算效率高于实际效率。以某台过热蒸汽锅炉的能效定型测试为例，计算表明使用原公式计算会使计算效率比实际效率偏大约0.48%。经修正后的计算公式可提高能效测试的准确性。“,”Through thermodynamics analysis of the super heater boiler direct efficiency formula in GB/T 10180: 2003 “thermal performance test code for industrial boiler”, it is found the heat from saturated steam to super heater steam for continuous blowdown is never deducted in the former output heat quantity calculating formula. This will lead to the calculation efifciency higher than the actual. Taking an energy efifciency test for a superheated steam boiler as an example, calculation shows that the calculation efifciency is 0.48% larger than actual efifciency by using the former formula. The accuracy of energy efifciency test can be improved by the revised formula.