本文概要回顾自凯恩斯以来 ,各主要宏观经济学派老凯恩斯主义者、货币主义者、新古典宏观学派和新凯恩斯主义学派关于宏观经济波动原因的重大论争 ,并给出笔者的评论。论争的焦点集中于 :短期中价格与工资是否灵变 ,从而宏观市场是否能够连续均衡 ,货币是否中性 ,菲利普斯曲线所表达的通货膨胀与失业的替换关系是否存在等等。其中 ,宏观理论的微观基础至关重要 ,当代的宏观理论进展主要反映了这一点 This article summarizes major controversies about the causes of macroeconomic fluctuations in the macroeconomics since the time of Keynes and gives the author’s comments on the key issues of the macroeconomic Old Keynesians, monetarists, neoclassical macro schools and neo-Keynesian schools. The focus of the debate is on whether the prices and wages in the short run are volatile, so that the macroeconomic market can be continuously balanced, whether the currency is neutral, the existence of the replacement of inflation and unemployment as expressed by the Phillips curve, and so on. Among them, the micro basis of macroeconomic theory is of crucial importance. The progress of contemporary macroeconomics mainly reflects this