一凡人皆有生死,对逝者的哀思与追悼自古便是人类表达情意最深切的方式。在我们中国这一点尤为突出,仅最后的致辞文体(即我们今天简而言之的“悼词”)就有严格的规定与要求。比如,“诔辞”的对象主要是王公、贵族、士大夫等身份高贵者,并以颂赞死者功德为主(如阮籍《孔子诔》,当然后来《红楼梦》中宝玉别有用意地来了个《芙蓉女儿诔》);“哀辞”也是以抒发生者哀悼之情为主,但哀的对象却是“童弱夭折,不以寿终者”(如曹植《金瓠哀辞》);“祭文”主要是 A mortal has its own life and death, and the grief and grievances of the deceased have been the most profound way of human expression since ancient times. This is especially true in China, where only the final speech style (that is, the eulogy we wrote today) has strict rules and requirements. For example, the main objects of “诔 Ci ” are princes, aristocrats, scholar-officials and other distinguished guests, and praised the merit of the deceased (such as Ruan Ji “Confucius”, of course, later “A Dream of Red Mansions” A “Lotus daughter 诔”); “sad speech ” is also based on the expression of the feelings of the victims of mourning, but the object of mourning is “child died young, not the end of life ”瓠 sad rhetoric “); ” Sacrament "is mainly