目的探索经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术用于输尿管结石治疗中的效果。方法 126例输尿管结石患者,根据治疗方法的不同将患者分为观察组(65例)和对照组(61例)。观察组患者采用经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗,对照组患者采用体外冲击波碎石术治疗。比较两组患者一次性结石清除率、二次手术率以及并发症发生率。结果观察组患者的一次性结石清除率为96.92%,明显高于对照组的86.89%;二次手术率为1.54%,明显低于对照组的11.48%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的肾绞痛、恶心呕吐、发热发生率分别为7.69%、15.38%、20.00%,均低于对照组的21.31%、37.70%、40.98%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但观察组患者的血尿发生率为58.46%,高于对照组的34.43%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石是可行的、安全的,结石清除率高,术后并发症少,有助于患者术后的康复,在符合该术式适应证的情况下,可优先选择。 Objective To explore the effect of transurethral ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods 126 cases of ureteral calculi patients were divided into observation group (65 cases) and control group (61 cases) according to different treatment methods. Patients in the observation group were treated by transurethral ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy, and patients in the control group were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. One-time stone clearance, secondary surgery and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results The stone clearance rate of observation group was 96.92%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (86.89%). The rate of secondary surgery was 1.54%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (11.48%), the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ). The incidences of renal colic, nausea, vomiting and fever in the observation group were 7.69%, 15.38% and 20.00%, respectively, which were all lower than those in the control group (21.31%, 37.70% and 40.98%, P <0.05) However, the incidence of hematuria in observation group was 58.46%, which was higher than that in control group (34.43%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Transurethral ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral calculi is feasible, safe, high rate of stone removal, less postoperative complications, which is helpful for postoperative rehabilitation. In line with the indications of the operation , Can be preferred.