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目的分析淮安市肺结核流行病学特征,为开展结核病预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2011—2015年淮安市肺结核患者资料进行统计分析。结果 2011—2015年共报告肺结核患者11 733例,年均报告发病率48.59/10万,其中涂阳肺结核患者3 357例,年均报告发病率13.90/10万。男女报告发病数之比为2.73∶1,男性报告发病率(69.14/10万)高于女性(26.81/10万)。患者年龄集中在15~74岁,占病例总数的88.99%。职业构成以农民最多,占79.23%,其次为工人和学生,分别占4.52%和3.14%。3月份报告发病数最多,占10.74%,其次为9月份和5月份,分别占9.66%和9.42%;5年期间患者发现数呈下降趋势,肺结核疫情形势稳定。地区间发病分布不均衡,其中涟水县报告发病率最高(58.99/10万)。结论近年来淮安市肺结核报告发病数平稳下降,结核病疫情得到了较好控制,但肺结核发病在时间、地区和人群分布方面存在差异,因此应针对疫情特征采取针对性措施加以控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huai’an and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the data of patients with tuberculosis in Huaian from 2011 to 2015 in China’s disease prevention and control information system. Results A total of 11 733 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in 2011-2015, with an average annual incidence of 48.59 / 100 000, including 3 357 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis with an average annual incidence of 13.90 / 100 000. The ratio of male to female reported incidence was 2.73: 1, and male reported incidence (69.14 / 100000) was higher than that of female (26.81 / 100000). Patients aged 15-74 years of age, accounting for 88.99% of the total number of cases. Occupation constituted the largest number of farmers, accounting for 79.23%, followed by workers and students, accounting for 4.52% and 3.14% respectively. The number of reported cases in March was the highest, accounting for 10.74%, followed by September and May, accounting for 9.66% and 9.42% respectively. The number of patients found in the five-year period showed a downward trend and the outbreak of tuberculosis was stable. Inter-regional incidence of uneven distribution, of which Lianshui County highest incidence (58.99 / 100,000). Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of tuberculosis in Huai’an has been steadily declining, and the epidemic situation of tuberculosis has been well controlled. However, there are differences in the distribution of tuberculosis in terms of time, region and population. Therefore, targeted measures should be taken to control the epidemic characteristics.