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美国非裔作家詹姆斯·鲍德温着眼于美国种族历史与社会现状,主张文学利用历史创造现在。从新历史主义批评理论角度分析其戏剧《查理先生的布鲁斯》,研究其文学中的历史与文本的互动关系,探讨历史的文本性和文本的历史性,有利于梳理鲍德温的历史观。鲍德温一方面通过设计独特的时代背景、故事情节和人物形象将美国种族历史文本化,再现暴虐的种族仇恨历史,揭示种族主义历史和白人的无知是种族仇恨的根源;另一方面,通过设计别具一格的剧本名称和与众不同的人物形象,利用文本创造历史,强调种族仇恨的受害者并非只是黑人本身,而是所有的美国人,呼吁黑人与白人像兄弟那样团结起来以摆脱种族仇恨带来的毁灭性后果。
American African American writer James Baldwin looks at the history and social status of the United States in terms of race and advocates that literature make use of history to create the present. From the point of view of the neo-historicist theory of criticism, it analyzes the drama “Bruce of Mr. Charlie”, investigates the interactive relationship between history and text in his literature, explores the textuality of history and the historicity of text, and helps to sort out Baldwin’s view of history. Baldwin, on the one hand, delineated the history of American race by reproducing the history of racial hatred and revealing the history of racism and the ignorance of white people through the design of a unique historical background, story line and characters. On the other hand, The name of the script and the distinctive character that used history to create text, emphasizing that the victims of racial hatred are not just the blacks themselves, but all Americans, calling on black and white men to unite like brothers to get rid of racial hatred Destructive consequences.