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目的在挤出工艺条件下,以废纸纤维和农作物秸秆为主要原料制备生物质包装材料,研究影响其试样力学性能的主要因素并确定较优配方。方法在废纸和农作物秸秆原料中加入一定量的淀粉、甘油、PVA,经搅拌混合均匀后,通过单螺杆挤出机连续挤出,以实现环保生物质包装材料的连续生产。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验探讨秸秆含量、淀粉含量、PVA含量、甘油含量对材料力学性能的影响。结果在85℃下水浴加热15 min时,混合物料和淀粉之间具有良好的相容性。试样抗压性能的影响因素及主次顺序为淀粉含量>PVA含量>基材比例>甘油含量,试样抗弯性能的影响因素及主次顺序为淀粉含量>基材比例>PVA含量>甘油含量。结论物料分散的均匀性和粘度是以废纸、农作物秸秆为主要原料通过挤出法制备生物质包装材料的关键。当基材比例(秸秆与废纸的质量比)为2︰3,PVA质量分数为2.5%,淀粉质量分数为9%,甘油质量分数为5%时,可获得较优的力学性能。
OBJECTIVE To prepare biomass packaging materials using waste paper fiber and crop stalks as raw materials under extrusion process conditions and to study the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of the samples and to determine the optimal formulation. Methods A certain amount of starch, glycerin and PVA were added to the waste paper and crop stalks. After being stirred and mixed uniformly, the mixture was continuously extruded through a single-screw extruder to achieve continuous production of environmentally-friendly biomass packaging materials. Based on the single factor experiment, the effects of straw content, starch content, PVA content and glycerol content on the mechanical properties of the material were discussed through orthogonal experiment. Results When the water bath was heated at 85 ℃ for 15 min, there was a good compatibility between the mixed material and the starch. The main factors affecting the compressive strength of the sample were starch content> PVA content> substrate ratio> glycerol content, the influencing factors of bending resistance and the order of starch content> substrate ratio> PVA content> glycerol content. Conclusion The uniformity of material dispersion and viscosity is the key to preparing biomass packaging materials by extrusion method using waste paper and crop straw as main raw materials. When the ratio of substrate (straw to waste paper) is 2︰3, PVA content is 2.5%, starch content is 9% and glycerol content is 5%, better mechanical properties can be obtained.