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在中国,环境立法与有效执行之间存在鸿沟,依法治污面临诸多挑战,特别地,企业规模大小是影响环境执法的关键因素。在理论上,一方面,在缺乏外部监督和属地化管理模式下,地方政府“保增长”的施政理念会迫使环境管制为辖区经济增长让路,进而要求放松对规模较大企业的环境管制;另一方面,分级监管的工作思路使得地方环保部门倾向于将规模较大的企业列为重点监察对象,从而加强环境管制。利用重庆市微观企业环境罚款数据,本文对企业规模与环境管制之间的关系进行检验。研究表明,企业规模与罚款概率正相关。在考虑到企业隶属关系、相对规模等因素的稳健性检验中,这一关系均成立,这意味着在对重庆市规模以上工业企业的环境管制中,并未发现对规模较大的企业存在偏袒行为。
In China, there is a big gap between environmental legislation and effective enforcement. Pollution by law faces many challenges. In particular, the size of a business is a key factor affecting environmental law enforcement. In theory, on the one hand, in the absence of external supervision and management of territorial management, the local government’s policy of “maintaining growth” will force environmental regulation to give way to economic growth in the area and further relax the environmental control over large-scale enterprises ; On the other hand, the work plan of grading supervision makes local environmental protection departments tend to focus larger enterprises on key monitoring targets, thus strengthening environmental control. Using the micro-enterprise environmental fines data in Chongqing, this paper examines the relationship between firm size and environmental regulation. Research shows that firm size is positively correlated with the probability of fines. This relationship was established in the test of robustness taking into account the affiliation of enterprises and the relative size of the enterprises, which means that in the environmental regulation of industrial enterprises above designated size in Chongqing, no partiality to the larger enterprises was found behavior.