论文部分内容阅读
分析长沙市2012—2013年烟花制造业职业性急性甲醇中毒发病情况,对疑似甲醇中毒患者的工作单位进行现场职业卫生学调查,对职业病临床诊治资料进行汇总分析。烟花制造企业为降低生产成本,使用劣质、低价、含高浓度甲醇的“工业酒精”作为粘胶剂,原材料无化学品安全技术说明书(MSDS)和化学品成分表;生产场地狭小,无任何通风排毒措施,生产设备简陋,工人缺乏职业卫生安全知识,违反安全操作规程是导致急性甲醇中毒事故的主要原因。患者中毒症状以胸闷、气促、视物模糊、视力突降为主,早期诊断、早期使用血液透析、短程大量糖皮质激素、纠正酸碱平衡是防治视神经萎缩导致双眼失明的重要措施。调查表明,烟花制造业是急性重度甲醇中毒高风险行业,也是职业卫生安全监督管理的盲区,应加大对烟花制造行业职业病防护措施和职业卫生安全监管,加强职业安全卫生的宣传教育。
Analyze the incidence of occupational acute methanol poisoning in fireworks manufacturing industry in Changsha City from 2012 to 2013, conduct on-site occupational hygiene investigation on the work units suspected of methanol poisoning, and summarize the clinical diagnosis and treatment data of occupational diseases. In order to reduce production costs, fireworks manufacturers use low-cost, low-cost, high-concentration methanol-containing “industrial alcohol” as a viscose, raw material without a MSDS and a chemical composition table; No ventilation detoxification measures, poor production equipment, workers lack of occupational health and safety knowledge, violation of safety practices is the main reason leading to acute methanol poisoning. Patients with symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, blurred vision, sudden visual acuity, early diagnosis, early use of hemodialysis, short-term large amounts of glucocorticoid, correct acid-base balance is the prevention and treatment of optic atrophy is an important measure of blindness. The survey shows that the fireworks manufacturing industry is a high-risk acute heavy methanol poisoning industry and a blind spot for occupational health and safety supervision and management. Occupational disease prevention and control measures and occupational health and safety supervision in the fireworks manufacturing industry should be stepped up, and publicity and education on occupational safety and health should be stepped up.