目的了解广州市地铁行业职业病的危害因素及分布情况,探讨其预防控制措施,以利于预测东莞市地铁行业职业病的预防控制措施。方法对2013-2014年广州市地铁行业职业病危害因素及分布情况及职业健康检查结果进行调查分析。结果广州市地铁行业的主要职业病危害因素为毒性物质、粉尘、噪声、射频辐射、工频辐射,与2013年比较,2014年粉尘达标率明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但毒性物质、噪声、射频辐射、工频辐射等因素达标率及总达标率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);其中射频辐射检测达标率为90.68%,噪声达标率为95.62%,毒性物质达标率98.67%;职工健康检查结果显示,2014年共12人因职业禁忌症调离,调离率0.311%(12/3862),与2013年比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);地铁各系统职业卫生管理制度及防护措施基本健全。结论东莞市地铁行业职业病危害控制重点应放在毒性物质、粉尘、噪声、射频辐射、工频辐射为主要职业病危害因素的预防控制工作中,加强各系统职业卫生管理及防护。 Objective To understand the hazardous factors and distribution of occupational diseases in the subway industry in Guangzhou and to explore the prevention and control measures in order to facilitate the prediction of prevention and control measures of occupational diseases in the subway industry in Dongguan. Methods The causes and distribution of occupational hazards in Guangzhou subway industry during 2013-2014 and the results of occupational health examination were investigated. Results The main risk factors of occupational diseases in Guangzhou subway industry were toxic substances, dust, noise, radio frequency radiation and industrial frequency radiation. Compared with 2013, the compliance rate of dust increased significantly in 2014 with a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) However, there was no significant difference between the compliance rates of toxic substances, noise, radio frequency radiation and power frequency radiation and the total compliance rate (P> 0.05). The compliance rate of radio frequency radiation detection was 90.68% and the compliance rate of noise was 95.62% , And the rate of toxic substances reached the standard of 98.67%. The result of employee health examination showed that in 2014, a total of 12 people were transferred due to occupational contraindications, with a rate of 0.311% (12/3862) compared with 2013, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The occupational health management system and protective measures in each system of subway are basically sound. Conclusion The control of occupational hazards in the subway industry should focus on the prevention and control of toxicological factors, dust, noise, radio frequency radiation and power frequency radiation as the main occupational hazards and strengthen the occupational health management and protection of each system.