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本文对Melitz(2003)的异质性企业模型进行拓展,将企业面临的固定成本设定为其国外关系的函数,从差异化固定成本的角度构建解释异质性企业出口-内销定位的微观机制,从理论上说明出口企业“生产率悖论”存在的可能性。研究结果表明:(1)当企业FDI比重较小时,出口企业比纯内销企业具有更高的生产率,而当企业FDI比重较大时,内销企业比纯出口企业具有更高的生产率;(2)内销企业与纯出口企业的生产率之差随着企业FDI比重的上升而上升,而出口企业与纯内销企业的生产率之差随着企业FDI比重的上升而下降;特别是对于FDI比重较高的企业,出口企业的平均生产率可能会低于纯内销企业,从而出现所谓的生产率悖论。
This paper expands on the heterogeneous business model of Melitz (2003), sets fixed costs faced by enterprises as a function of their foreign relations, constructs a micro-mechanism that explains the export-domestic positioning of heterogeneous firms from the perspective of differentiated fixed costs , Theoretically shows the possibility of export enterprises “productivity paradox ” exists. The results show that: (1) Export enterprises have higher productivity than purely domestic enterprises when the proportion of FDI is small, while domestic enterprises have higher productivity than pure export enterprises when the proportion of FDI is higher; (2) The difference between the productivity of domestic-based enterprises and pure-export enterprises increases with the increase of the proportion of FDI in enterprises, while the difference between the productivity of export-oriented enterprises and purely domestic-funded enterprises decreases with the increase of the proportion of FDI in enterprises. Especially for those enterprises with higher proportion of FDI , The average productivity of exporting enterprises may be lower than that of purely domestic enterprises, so the so-called productivity paradox appears.