十一——十二世纪,基辅公国的封建关系已经达到高度的发展,但与此俱来的是:封建割据、阶级斗争的尖锐化和外族的侵袭。这些现象,原是封建社会发展中不可避免的后果,而基辅公国在所说时期里表现得特别显著。因此,到了十三世纪初蒙古人西侵的时候,俄罗斯再也没有抵抗的力量而被征服了。下引各项文件,说明基辅在蒙古人西侵以前的国内分裂混乱情况。文件(Ⅰ)说明1068年基辅起义的经过。当时,俄罗斯由于诸侯内讧,国势衰弱,波洛佛茨人时常侵袭,劫走人民,掳去牲畜,使基辅国内鸡犬不宁。诸侯王公不能协力御 During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the feudal relations of the principality of Kyiv have reached a high level of development. However, they all share the following: the feudal separatism, the sharpening of the class struggle and the invasion by the foreign nationals. These phenomena were originally the inevitable consequences of the development of feudal society, and the principality of Kiev performed especially remarkably during that period. Therefore, by the time of the Mongols’ invasion in the early thirteenth century, Russia was conquered without any resistance. The following documents are cited to illustrate the domestic disruption and chaos in Kiev before the Mongols infiltrated the West. Document (Ⅰ) shows the rise of Kiev uprising in 1068. At that time, due to the infighting of princes in Russia, the weakening of the country, the frequent attacks of the Polo-Ficians, the looting of the people and the kidnapping of livestock, the restlessness of the domestic chickens in Kiev. Princes and princes can not work together Royal