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目的评价伊宁市不同语种授课学校开展艾滋病(AIDS)健康教育活动的效果,探索青少年艾滋病防治策略和方法。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,分别抽取伊宁市以汉语、哈萨克语、维吾尔语授课的3所普通中学,对初中三个年级每年级随机抽取一个班的学生,进行为期2个月的干预活动,活动前后通过问卷评估调查干预活动的效果。结果共调查不同民族学生480人。干预前有效问卷471份,干预后有效问卷474份。汉族、哈萨克族、维吾尔族中学生艾滋病防治核心知识总体知晓率,干预前分别为72.29%、43.17%和41.22%,干预后总知晓率分别提升为87.34%、67.33%、69.24%。干预后,哈萨克族、维吾尔族学生较汉族学生正向态度持有率高,在“是否愿意为感染艾滋病的同学或朋友提供帮助”的问题上,哈萨克族学生、维吾尔族学生较汉族学生正向态度持有率高,差异有统计学意义(x_哈~2=14.181、x_维~2=27.323,P均<0.05);各民族学生喜欢的获取知识途径也由干预前的电视最多转变为学校教育最多(P<0.05)。结论今后应当加强少数民族地区学校艾滋病防治健康教育工作的督导和师资培训。
Objective To evaluate the effects of HIV / AIDS health education programs in different language teaching schools in Yining, and to explore strategies and methods for HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment in adolescents. Methods A cluster random sampling method was adopted. Three general middle schools in Chinese, Kazakh and Uyghur were selected respectively from Yining City. Two classes of students were randomly selected for each grade of three grades of junior high school for two months Activities, activities before and after the questionnaire survey to assess the effectiveness of intervention activities. Results A total of 480 ethnic minority students were investigated. 471 valid questionnaires before intervention and 474 valid questionnaires after intervention. The overall awareness rate of core knowledge about HIV / AIDS prevention among Han, Kazak and Uygur middle school students was 72.29%, 43.17% and 41.22% respectively before intervention, and the total awareness rate after intervention was 87.34%, 67.33% and 69.24% respectively. After the intervention, Kazak students and Uyghurs students had a higher positive attitude than Han students. On the question of whether “they are willing to help AIDS-infected students or friends”, Kazakh students and Uyghurs students are more likely than Han students Positive attitudes hold rate is high, the difference was statistically significant (x_ha ~ 2 = 14.181, x_dimensional ~ 2 = 27.323, P <0.05); students of all ethnic groups like access to knowledge by pre-intervention television Up to school education at most (P <0.05). Conclusion In the future, we should strengthen supervision and teacher training in HIV / AIDS health education in schools in ethnic minority areas.