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科学理论的发展往往基于两大视角:逻辑关系和逻辑前提。前者要求逻辑推理的一致性,主要体现为理论模型的抽象性和完备性;后者要求假设前提的合理性,它体现为假设前提的具体性和现实性。相对来说,符合逻辑推理的一致性是自然科学理论的最根本方面,任何经不起逻辑一致性检验的理论都会被否定。对社会科学而言,其理论有效性的唯一合意检验在于把基于假设前提的推测与经验相对照。因此,经济学理论的发展主要建立在对假设前提的修正上,而这需要合理地使用奥卡姆剃刀原则。
The development of scientific theory is often based on two perspectives: logical relations and logical premises. The former requires the consistency of logical reasoning, which is mainly reflected in the abstraction and completeness of the theoretical model. The latter requires the rationality of the hypothetical premise, which is embodied as the concreteness and reality of the hypothetical premise. In contrast, the consistency of logical reasoning is the most fundamental aspect of the theory of natural science. Any theory that can not withstand the test of logical consistency will be denied. For the social sciences, the only valid test of its theoretical validity is to contrast the speculation based on the hypothetical premises with the experience. Therefore, the development of economic theory is mainly based on the revision of the hypothetical premise, which requires the rational use of Occam’s razor principle.