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古代希腊是西方文明的发源地。今日西方学界关于正义观念的争论和历史演变均是在古希腊思想家们奠定的基础上展开的。虽然这些思想家们所处的历史环境和阶级立场各不相同,因而对正义的本质、根源、内容和实现方式的理解各异其趣,但他们已经提出了正义理论的主要问题,创建了正义理论的研究框架,柏拉图和亚里士多德更是形成了自己完善的正义理论,是他们之中的杰出代表。而二位巨匠的理论又是以古希腊早期各派思想家的成就为基础的。本文将对这些早期哲学家的正义观作简要归纳。
Ancient Greece is the birthplace of Western civilization. The controversy and historical evolution of the notion of justice in Western scholarship today are all based on the foundations of ancient Greek thinkers. Although these thinkers have different historical environments and class positions, their understanding of the nature, origin, content and realization of justice is different. However, they have put forward the main problems of the theory of justice and created the theory of justice The framework of the study, Plato and Aristotle formed their own perfect theory of justice, which is an outstanding representative of them. The theories of the two masters, on the other hand, were based on the achievements of early Greek thinkers. This article will briefly summarize the views of justice on these early philosophers.