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电磁脉冲（EMP）和高功率微波（HPM）武器能以其瞬间功率骤增而对电子设备产生巨大的破坏力。该武器能在很短时间内产生高能脉冲，并进而产生瞬间数千伏电压聚增以破坏半导体设备。传统的电磁脉冲和高功率微波武器能在有效作用距离内使无屏蔽乃至任何现代电子设备失能。
电磁脉冲装置的效能由其产生的功率和脉冲特性所决定。像微波一类更短的脉冲波形对付电子设备更为有效，要想强化电子设备则更为困难。目前致力于将爆炸弹药的能量转换为产生电磁脉冲的电能，因为它能产生巨大的定向聚焦电磁能。
未来的科技进展可能提供装入炸弹或导弹战斗部内且具有武器功能的小型电磁脉冲装置。目前的电磁脉冲装置的有效作用半径小于核电磁脉冲装置。据公开文献报道，电磁脉冲装置的有效作用半径可达数百米或更远。电磁脉冲和高功率微波装置能够在相当大的面积上使各种各样军事和基础设施的电子设备失能，这对于分散目标也是有效的。
使用电磁脉冲武器的难点是如何确定合适的能量级别以达到所期望的效果，这就要求对目标设备和环境（墙，建筑物）有详细的了解。对电磁脉冲的防范措施是对电子设备施加屏蔽或进行强化。不过，现在只对关键军事设备，即战略指挥和控制系统中的电子设备实施了强化。毕竟对现有电子设备实施强化是困难的，且增加设备重量及费用。不难想像，各种各样工业及军事电子设备将难免受到电磁脉冲或高功率微波设备的攻击。
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and High Powered Microwave (HMP) Weapons offer a significant capability against electronic equipment susceptible to damage by transient power surges. This weapon generates a very short, intense energy pulse producing a transient surge of thousands of volts that kills semiconductor devices. The conventional EMP and HMP weapons can disable non-shielded electronic devices including practically any modern electronic device within the effective range of the weapon.
The effectiveness of an EMP device is determined by the power generated and the characteristic of the pulse. The shorter pulse wave forms, such as microwaves, are far more effective against electronic equipment and more difficult to harden against. Current efforts focus on converting the energy from an explosive munitions to supply the electromagnetic pulse. This method produces significant levels of directionally focused electromagnetic energy.
Future advances may provide the compactness needed to weaponize the capability in a bomb or missile warhead. Currently, the radius of the weapon is not as great as nuclear EMP effects. Open literature sources indicate that effective radii of “hundreds of meters or more” are possible. EMP and HPM devices can disable a large variety of military or infrastructure equipment over a relatively broad area. This can be useful for dispersed targets.
A difficulty is determining the appropriate level of energy to achieve the desired effects. This will require detailed knowledge of the target equipment and the environment (walls, buildings). The obvious counter-measure is the shielding or hardening of electronic equipment. Currently, only critical military equipment is hardened e.g., strategic command and control systems. Hardening of existing equipment is difficult and adds significant weight and expense. As a result, a large variety of commercial and military equipment will be susceptible to this type of attack.
电磁脉冲装置的效能由其产生的功率和脉冲特性所决定。像微波一类更短的脉冲波形对付电子设备更为有效，要想强化电子设备则更为困难。目前致力于将爆炸弹药的能量转换为产生电磁脉冲的电能，因为它能产生巨大的定向聚焦电磁能。
未来的科技进展可能提供装入炸弹或导弹战斗部内且具有武器功能的小型电磁脉冲装置。目前的电磁脉冲装置的有效作用半径小于核电磁脉冲装置。据公开文献报道，电磁脉冲装置的有效作用半径可达数百米或更远。电磁脉冲和高功率微波装置能够在相当大的面积上使各种各样军事和基础设施的电子设备失能，这对于分散目标也是有效的。
使用电磁脉冲武器的难点是如何确定合适的能量级别以达到所期望的效果，这就要求对目标设备和环境（墙，建筑物）有详细的了解。对电磁脉冲的防范措施是对电子设备施加屏蔽或进行强化。不过，现在只对关键军事设备，即战略指挥和控制系统中的电子设备实施了强化。毕竟对现有电子设备实施强化是困难的，且增加设备重量及费用。不难想像，各种各样工业及军事电子设备将难免受到电磁脉冲或高功率微波设备的攻击。
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and High Powered Microwave (HMP) Weapons offer a significant capability against electronic equipment susceptible to damage by transient power surges. This weapon generates a very short, intense energy pulse producing a transient surge of thousands of volts that kills semiconductor devices. The conventional EMP and HMP weapons can disable non-shielded electronic devices including practically any modern electronic device within the effective range of the weapon.
The effectiveness of an EMP device is determined by the power generated and the characteristic of the pulse. The shorter pulse wave forms, such as microwaves, are far more effective against electronic equipment and more difficult to harden against. Current efforts focus on converting the energy from an explosive munitions to supply the electromagnetic pulse. This method produces significant levels of directionally focused electromagnetic energy.
Future advances may provide the compactness needed to weaponize the capability in a bomb or missile warhead. Currently, the radius of the weapon is not as great as nuclear EMP effects. Open literature sources indicate that effective radii of “hundreds of meters or more” are possible. EMP and HPM devices can disable a large variety of military or infrastructure equipment over a relatively broad area. This can be useful for dispersed targets.
A difficulty is determining the appropriate level of energy to achieve the desired effects. This will require detailed knowledge of the target equipment and the environment (walls, buildings). The obvious counter-measure is the shielding or hardening of electronic equipment. Currently, only critical military equipment is hardened e.g., strategic command and control systems. Hardening of existing equipment is difficult and adds significant weight and expense. As a result, a large variety of commercial and military equipment will be susceptible to this type of attack.