己酮可可碱(pentoxifylline, PTX)是一种甲基黄嘌呤磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,具有血管扩张、降低血粘度和减少血小板聚集的作用,从而改善微循环,已广泛用于临床。近年来,经人类和动物研究证明,PTX在细胞水平可产生许多生理变化,在治疗许多人类疾病中起重要作用。人们不断挖掘出新的用途,现介绍如下。 1 作用机制 1.1 免疫调节作用PTX可增加白细胞的变形性和趋化性;降低血管内皮的白细胞吸附能力;降低中性粒细胞脱颗粒和释放过氧化物;降低单核细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子(TNF);降低白细胞对白细胞介素1和TNF的反应;抑制T和B淋巴细胞的活性;降低自然杀伤细胞的活性。 1.2 改善高凝状态 降低血小板聚集和粘附;增加纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂和抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性;降低 Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has vasodilator effects, decreases blood viscosity and reduces platelet aggregation, thereby improving microcirculation and has been widely used clinically. In recent years, human and animal studies have shown that PTX can produce many physiological changes at the cellular level and plays an important role in the treatment of many human diseases. People continue to dig new uses, are presented below. 1 Mechanism of action 1.1 Immunomodulatory effects PTX can increase the deformability and chemotaxis of leukocytes; reduce the leukocyte adsorption capacity of the vascular endothelium; reduce neutrophil degranulation and peroxides release; reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes ); Reducing the response of leukocytes to interleukin-1 and TNF; inhibiting the activity of T and B lymphocytes; and decreasing the activity of natural killer cells. 1.2 improve hypercoagulable state reduce platelet aggregation and adhesion; increase plasminogen activator and antithrombin Ⅲ activity; reduce