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纯碳有几种形态? 碳是自然界最丰富和最重要的元素之一,凡是有机物都含有碳,但以纯碳形式存在的物质却不普遍。至少在80年代中期之前,人们只知道纯碳仪有两种同素异构体,即石墨和金刚石。石墨是人类最早认识的纯碳形态,天然石墨就是纯碳组成的矿物,它存在于古老的结晶岩中。石墨的名称最早是因它可以用来写字而得的。后来陆续发现,它还可用于制备坩埚、铸模涂料、润滑剂、抛光剂、弧光灯、电池、碳纤维等,用途极为广泛。金刚石的发现很早,公元前8世纪印度就发现了天然金刚石。但那时谁也不知道它是纯碳组成的。天然金刚石资源稀少,大多存在于深度超过120千米的原生岩石中,开采十分困难,价格昂贵,难以在工业上广泛应用。直至1797年,英国人S·坦南特才揭示,金刚石是纯碳组成的。经过100多年的努力,美国和瑞典相继在本世纪50年代制造出人造金刚石,并投入工业生产。
There are several forms of pure carbon? Carbon is one of nature’s most abundant and important elements, all organic matter contains carbon, but the form of pure carbon is not common. At least until the mid-1980s, it was only known that there are two allotropes of pure carbon meters, graphite and diamond. Graphite is the earliest known form of pure carbon, natural graphite is a pure carbon mineral, which exists in the ancient crystal rock. The earliest name of graphite was that it could be used for writing. Later one after another found that it can also be used to prepare crucibles, mold coatings, lubricants, polishes, arc lamps, batteries, carbon fibers, etc., a very wide range of uses. Diamonds were discovered very early, and natural diamond was found in India in the 8th century BC. But then nobody knew it was made of pure carbon. Natural diamond resources scarce, mostly in the original depth of more than 120 km of rock, mining is very difficult, expensive, difficult to widely used in industry. It was not until 1797 that Briton S. Tennant revealed that diamond was composed of pure carbon. After more than 100 years of hard work, the United States and Sweden successively manufactured man-made diamonds in the 1950s and put them into industrial production.